Argumentative Essay About Transgender - 1161 Words

The topic of gender is becoming more and more relevant in our society today. A big issue, however, that no one seems to talk about or realize are the issues of violence and discrimination, specifically towards transgender people. The violence and discrimination targeted towards transgender people and transgender people of color are increasing at an alarming rate. First, we need to differentiate between sex and gender. We often think of sex and gender as being the same or related to each other but, that is not the case. Sex and gender are completely different from each other. Sex is the classification of being either male or female. Our sex is what was assigned to us at birth; it is biological. Gender, on the other hand, is not biological.†¦show more content†¦Rejection from the people that are the closest to them, such as friends and family, give them these suicidal tendencies. â€Å"Transgender people who are rejected by their families or lack social support are much more likely to both consider suicide, and to attempt it† (Tannehill â€Å"The Truth About Transgender Suicide† 2015). Many times, we do not realize the effects our words and actions have on people, both good and bad. â€Å"Those with strong support were 82% less likely to attempt suicide than those without support† (Tannehill â€Å"Transgender Suic ide† 2015). Transgender youth who are rejected by their parents are â€Å"13 times more likely to attempt suicide than transgender youth who are supported by their parents† (Tannehill â€Å"Transgender Suicide† 2015). Violence, such as physical abuse or sexual abuse, is a major contribution to the risk of suicide among people who are transgender. â€Å"Transgender people who have been physically or sexually abused because they are transgender are at a higher risk of suicide† (Tannehill â€Å"Transgender Suicide† 2015). The number of times a transgender person has been abused goes hand in hand with how many times they have attempted suicide. The discrimination against transgender people also increases the risk of suicide. â€Å"Discrimination against transgender people in healthcare, employment, accommodations, and housing is very common† (Tannehill â€Å"Transgender Suicide† 2015). â€Å"The intersections of racism, sexism, homophobia , andShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay About Transgender760 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Transgender? Many people have spoken about having a tough time accepting a person since the way they sexually identify themselves is different. Being identified as transgender has become a highly controversial topic around the world and part of the population does not quite understand why the people that identify themselves as transgender choose to do so. Some people do not believe in what it means to be transgender and let their opinions on the topic change the real meaning of the term.Read MoreArgumentative Essay About Transgender2019 Words   |  9 Pagesthis becomes even more so when a person is transgender. This stems from many origins. It is, of course, possibly the most argued that being transgender is a choice. People argue that if someone can change their sex, they should be able to change their race or age. Many people say this out of jest, but some say it in seriousness, not understanding what people who are transgender are truly experiencing. None of us ever will if we ourselves are not transgender. In the film Growing Up Trans, we see parentsRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Gay Marriage1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Gay Marriage LP 3: Argumentative Essay Patty Waters NAU Composition II Sue Cochran, Instructor Sunday, March 24, 2013 Abstract This essay covers the pros and cons concerning gay marriage. You will discover some new laws and amendments that are about to happen in our country, and some things that people are against. There are many issues that will be covered from rights and benefits to getting married legally. You will read reports, stories and articles from lawyersRead MoreThe Pop Star Of Hip Hop Sensation1150 Words   |  5 Pagesstatements about female independency, beauty norms and female sexuality. Lady Gaga is a pop star but she also calls herself as a performance artist. She emphasizes and cherishes the visual images and costumes on stage. This essay’s focus on Nicki Minaj and Lady Gaga’s characteristic that they both are feminist pop star. They look at things from the perspective of progressive women and express in their own ways. Their colours aren’t one off its commonly seen in their oeuvres. In particular this essay willRead MoreSociety s Problems, Broadly Speaking Essay251 4 Words   |  11 PagesDear reader, I chose to do my W.O.W. project about society’s problems, broadly speaking. The main reason why I decided to do this topic is because it is a very common problem people can face almost everyday. A variety of people will say such stereotypical things almost everyday and what they do not realize is that they are brainwashing themselves. This topic seemed like the best fit for me because I have said these things as well, I am no different. After realizing these things, I think I becameRead More Promoting and Protecting Minority Rights Essay2310 Words   |  10 Pagessuperiority mindset of a majority could lead to unlimited oppression of a minority. James Madison, one of the founders of the United States, in Federalist papers number ten warned against the threat of the â€Å"tyranny of the majority†. In his essay, he described the monstrosities of which could result from giving total power to the majority. In fact, the threat of a â€Å"tyrannical majority† was so great, the founders thought it necessary to incorporate ways to limit majority rule such as incorporatingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEnvironment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost

How Can an Emphasis on Ethics and Social Responsibility...

Group 1_PepsiCo April 3, 2013 HOW CAN AN EMPHASIS ON ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IMPROVE PROFITS AND BENEFIT A BUSINESS? Introduction Until a few years ago, most companies had not cared so much about ethics and social responsibility. They only focused on cost and margin to increase their profits. However, nowadays, many successful companies and businessmen have their own foundation and do some good things, for example, the Ford Foundation has allocated millions of dollars for cancer research and the Bill amp; Melinda Gates Foundation has allocated millions of dollars for the poor’s health. They have contributed society with their wealth. Why are they doing that? Are they doing that for their self-contentment? This paper will take†¦show more content†¦Research According to University of New Mexico’s report, â€Å"PepsiCo has recognized the importance of social responsibility to its reputation. As such, PepsiCo continually emphasizes its commitment to sustainable growth and its focus on generating healthy financial returns, while giving back to those communities that it serves.† As a controversial company, PepsiCo used to be criticized by the customers about its unhealthy food. For that reason, PepsiCo stopped marketing their products to reduce more harm at that time. PepsiCo established a series of measures to reduce its negative effects and develop its reputation. PepsiCo made a â€Å"Performance with Purpose† plan which included three parts: product, environment and employees. â€Å"Performance with Purpose† was not only made for being a socially responsible company, but also for making profits to PepsiCo itself. PepsiCo committed itself to produce healthier food and reduce unnecessary additives. In this way, PepsiCo balanced the conveniences and healthy desires of customers. Meeting these desires of customers would gain their interests and trust so that the company’s product could be widely accepted. Meanwhile, PepsiCo strongly proceeded with its activities of â€Å"going green† which was the effort to make a favorable environment. By using clean energy sources such as wind energy in India; developing water cycles; reducing packaging pollution, PepsiCo reduced its carbon footprint and contributed toShow MoreRelatedEthics And Product Consumption Of Coca Cola1320 Words   |  6 PagesEthics and Product Consumption Marketing is only one intricate facet for any company sustainability. There are six components for the marketing code of ethics, also known as â€Å"the six pillars† of marketing (6PM). The 6PM components includes: 1) caring, 2) citizenship, 3) honesty, 4) fairness, 5) responsibility and 6) respect. All these components separately play a significant part in the marketing code. Understanding how each element pertains individually and collectively to the success of a businessRead MoreBusiness Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, Integrity, And Integrity1318 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The success of business now a days is apparent, but recently there is much concern in the business (and in society) literature and in the general press on whether business fulfils its social role responsibly. Business ethics, have been created in recent years as responses to an increasing sense of corporate wrong doing. This essay attempts to discuss what business ethics are for improvement of business behavior to the satisfaction of the â€Å"constituents† of business, i.e. the major stakeholdersRead MoreSocial Responsibility Of A Business1444 Words   |  6 Pagesareas of business and nonprofit management. However, Cohen’s article on social responsibility drew a lot attention from other scholars like Friedman. In view of this, this paper will discuss and define the concept of social responsibility of a business to its workers, stakeholders, and society; how the perspectives align with that of Drucker; comparing Cohen’s opinion with that of Friedman and finally determines which of the two individual’s opinion best aligns with the current business climate promotingRead MoreSocial And Ecological Responsibility Of Business1528 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Business ethics in global economic can simply define in terms of social and ecological responsibility of business. According to these definitions, business ethics requires that business decisions should not focused on some of the socioeconomic and cultural of the decision, but also counterproductive in certain socioeconomic. This means that people who work in the business world should consider how their economic decisions affect others people, society, and even the environment.Read MoreComparing the Ethical Perspectives of Friedman, Drucker, and Murphy2658 Words   |  11 Pagesconcept of business ethics. Their main argument against the notion of business ethics is that by engaging in acts of so-called social responsibility, a business manager actually assumes public roles or a legislative function because he or she places costs on the stakeholders, customers, or employees to apply the proceeds in a field of socially responsible causes. Friedman (1970) states this fact in the fo llowing words: Insofar as his actions in accord with his social responsibility reduce returnsRead MoreWhat is the Stakeholder Theory?1083 Words   |  5 PagesStakeholder can be defined as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives†. This theory focuses on wider aspect rather than only focusing on just the shareholder. Stakeholder theory is a fundamental theory about how business works at its best and how it could work. It is concerning on the value creation and trade on how to manage a business effectively. A consequences of focusing on organization or company’s stakeholder is that the shareholderRead MoreExamining Structure Models for Ethics1113 Words   |  5 Pagesimpacted stakeholders’ faith in the market. One the major ways organizations have attempted to circumvent unethical and legal misconduct is ethics auditing. Ethical auditing is used by corporation as mean to plan for ethical disasters, which in all likelihood would result in considerable legal and financial expenses and interfere with normal operation of the business including its staff, efficiency, reputation, and stakeholder faith in them ( Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2013). Moreover, the federalRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesMany business managers argue that the primary responsibility of a business is to turn a profit; however, society is more concerned for corporations to assume ethical responsibility, in which welfare for the greatest number of people will be promoted. This paper addresses the fact that the subjectivity of morals within the military and individual leaders; as some issues could be viewed as ethical by a group but not so by others. The members of an organization and its employees are part of the teamRead MoreAssignment 1: Kodak and Fujifilm1300 Words   |  6 PagesFujifilm When we think about players in the market of photographic films, digital cameras, supplying various products for the photography sector, and medical imaging equipment two key players come to mind, Kodak and Fujifilm. History and Core Business The Eastman Kodak Company, known to many simply as Kodak was created in April 1880 by George Eastman in Rochester NY. Manufacturing dry plates for sale to various to the common consumer was where Kodak found its niche early on. George Eastman wasRead MoreConsequences of Friedmans Shareholder Theory for Hrm Ethics and Alternative Perspectives2229 Words   |  9 PagesMilton Friedman wrote in 1973 that managements â€Å"primary responsibility is to the shareholders who own and invest in the company†. What are the consequences of this philosophy for HRM ethics, and what alternative perspectives might serve the profession in the future? Friedman’s Shareholder Theory Milton Friedman’s shareholder theory has had a broad range of consequences for HRM ethics. The main consequence being that if management are only answerable to owners and shareholders, and must do as they

Critical Analysis of Milgram Obedience Experiment Free Essays

Critically discuss a classic experiment from the history of psychology (e.g. the Milgram Obedience Experiment, the Stanford Prison experiment). We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis of Milgram Obedience Experiment or any similar topic only for you Order Now What, if any, relevance does it have to the present day? Abstract Stanley Milgram’s obedience study (1963) has been extremely influential in psychology. Milgram investigated human’s willingness to obey authority figures and instructions. He found that 65 per cent of the research subjects followed instructions from an experimenter and administered the highest voltage shock possible to a learner, even when they were uncomfortable in doing so (Milgram, 1963). This finding contributed to theories in psychology. Milgram’s method of conducting the experiment raised questions around ethics as deception was employed and the participants were distressed. This lead to the consideration of what is ethically acceptable and guidelines which protect participants being developed. These guidelines are in place today and therefore have an impact on the way in which current psychological research is conducted. Introduction Stanley Milgram’s Obedience experiment (1963) is thought of as a ‘classic’ experiment in the history of psychology. It was conducted in response to the Nazi war trials where individuals claimed that they were ‘just following orders’. Milgram attempted to investigate if people would follow orders even if they felt that they were morally wrong. Milgram’s study is well known for both its results and its means of obtaining them. Ethical issues were raised, which have relevance to today’s psychological research practice, with regards to the method the study employed. This essay will firstly outline Milgram’s Obedience Study, then it will discuss the ethical issues which were raised and it will look at the overall relevance that the experiment has in the present day. Milgam was interested in researching how individuals would respond to figures of authority when they were given instructions to do something that they did not feel comfortable doing. Participants for the study were recruited through a newspaper advert to take part in an experiment on learning and teaching methods. When they came to the laboratory the researcher showed them a device that was used to punish people who gave incorrect answers by means of an electric shock. The participant was meant to be the teacher and they were told that an individual in another room was the learner. The participant or teacher met the learner (who was privy to the true nature of the experiment) and witnessed the electrodes being strapped to their wrists. The learner expressed a degree of fear and questioned whether the shock would have any impact on their heart condition. The researcher told them that this was not something to worry about but they did inform them that the shocks could be extremely pai nful. During the learning session the teacher and learner were in different rooms and they communicated via intercom. The researcher told the teacher to increase the shock each time an incorrect answer was given. Regardless of uncertainty on behalf of the teacher, protests from the learner and latterly no sound at all from the learner, the researcher still instructed the teacher to administer the highest voltage possible. 65 per cent of the participants followed instructions and administered the highest voltage shock to the learner (Milgram, 1963). Following the experiment participants were debriefed and they were informed that the shock apparatus was not real and that the protests from the learners were scripted. Many of the subjects expressed emotional upset as they thought that they were inflicting immense pain on another person and that the high voltage shocks that they apparently administered had the capacity to kill somebody. Milgram was criticised as being ‘insensitive to his subjects’ (Baumrind, 1964). This study highlights ethical issues which are relevant in the present day. Perhaps Milgram could have tested his ideas on obedience without causing distress to his subjects. His experiment illuminates issues around deception. Deception occurs when subjects are not clearly and fully informed about the nature of the research (Glassman and Hadad, 2004). Milgram’s study influenced the current ethical guidelines that are in place and it is thought that his study would not be permitted now (Weiten, 2006). Modern ethical standards assert that participants must not be deceived, and that they must be told of any possible consequences. Guidelines stipulate that participants must take part on a voluntary basis and that they are free to withdraw at any point, that they are debriefed following the study and that there is an acceptable outcome of the research without harm being caused to subjects (British Psychological Society, 2009). It is thought that under these conditions no hurt can b e caused to the participant. It may be argued that Milgram’s study influenced the way that Psychologist’s conduct their current research as it changed research ethics and design, whilst contributing greatly to theory in psychology. Conclusion It becomes clear that a great deal can be learnt from past research, Milgram’s study informed the field of social psychology in terms of theories on obedience and authority (Benjamin and Simpson, 2009). In addition to this, in response to what would now be seen as unethical methods, a change in the way in which Psychologist’s work emerged as new guidelines regarding the treatment of research participants were developed. As such this experiment is relevant to the present day psychology in many respects. References Baumrind, D. (1964). â€Å"Some thoughts on the ethics of research: After reading Milgram’s ‘Behavioral Study of Obedience.’† American Psychologist, Vol. 19, pp. 421-423. Benjamin, L.T and Simpson, J.A. (2009) ‘The power of the situation: The impact of Milgram’s obedience studies on personality and social psychology’. American Psychologist, Vol. 64(1), pp. 12-19. British Psychology Society, (2009). Code of Ethics and Conduct 2009 [Online]. Available from http://www.bps.org.uk/the-society/code-of-conduct/ [Accessed: 26 May 2011]. Glassman, W.E and Hadad, M. (2004). Approaches to Psychology. Birkshire, UK: Open University Press. Milgram, Stanley (1963). â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience†. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 67 (4), pp. 371–378. Weiten, W. (2006). Psychology: Themes and Variations. California: Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc. How to cite Critical Analysis of Milgram Obedience Experiment, Essay examples

Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Essay Example For Students

Henrik Ibsens : A Dolls House Essay Ibsens A Dolls House (1879) was born in a time of revolution in Europe. Charged with the fever of the 1848 revolution, a new modern perspective was beginning to emerge in the literary and dramatic world, challenging the romantic tradition. It is Ibsen who can be credited for mastering and popularizing the realist drama derived from this new perspective. His plays were both read and performed throughout Europe (in numerous translations) like no other dramatist before. A Dolls House was published and premiered in Copenhagen. His success was particularly important for Norway and the Norwegian language. Freed from four centuries of Danish rule in 1814, Norway was just beginning to shake off the legacy of Danish domination. A Dolls House was written in a form of Norwegian that still bore heavy traces of Danish. Ibsen deliberately chose a colloquial language style to emphasize the theme of realism. Ibsen quickly became Norways most popular dramatic figure. But, it is the universality of Ibsens writings and particularly A Dolls House that has made this play a classic. A Dolls House was the second in a series of realist plays by Ibsen. The first, The Pillars of Society, penned in 1877, caused a stir throughout Europe, quickly spreading to the avant-garde theatres of the island and continent. In adopting the realist form, Ibsen abandoned his earlier style of saga plays, historical epics, and verse allegories. Ibsens letters reveal that much of what is contained in his realist dramas is based on events from his own life. Indeed, he was particularly interested in the possibility of true wedlock and in women in general, later writing a series of psychological studies on women. One of the most striking and oft-noted characteristics of A Dolls House is the way in which it challenged the technical tradition of the so-called well made play in which the first act offered an exposition, the second a situation, and the third an unravelling. This had been the standard form from the earliest fables up until A Dolls House. Ibsens plays were notable for exchanging the last acts unravelling for a discussion. Critics agree that, up until the last moments of the play, A Dolls House could easily be just another modern drama broadcasting another comfortable moral lesson. However, when Nora tells Torvald that they must sit down and discuss all this that has been happening between us, the play diverges from the traditional form. With this new technical feature, A Dolls House became an international sensation and founded a new school of dramatic art. Additionally, A Dolls House subverted another dramatic tradition, this one related to character. Namely, Ibsens realist drama disregarded the tradition of the older male moral figure. Dr. Rank, the character who should serve this role, is far from a moral force; instead, he is sicklyrotting from a disease picked up from his fathers earlier sexual exploitsand lascivious, openly coveting Nora. The choice to portray both Dr. Rank and the potentially matronly Mrs. Linde as imperfect, real people was a novel approach at the time. The real natures of Ibsens characters were and remain a challenge for actors. Many actresses find it difficult to portray both a silly, immature Nora in the first act or so and the serious, open-minded Nora of the end of the last act. Similarly, actors are challenged to portray the full depth of Torvalds character. Many are tempted to play him as a slimy, patronizing brute, disregarding the characters range and genuineness of emotion and conviction. A more obvious importance of A Dolls House is the feminist message that stunned the stages of Europe when the play was premiered. Noras rejection of marriage and motherhood scandalized contemporary audiences. In fact, the first German productions of the play in the 1880s had an altered ending at the request of the producers. Ibsen referred to this version as a barbaric outrage to be used only in emergencies. .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 , .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 .postImageUrl , .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 , .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2:hover , .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2:visited , .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2:active { border:0!important; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2:active , .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2 .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udfef89d8be3a19869be7cf884f72cab2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Description Of A House EssayIn large part, Ibsen was reacting to the uncertain tempo of the time; Europe was being reshaped with revolutions. The revolutionary spirit and the emergence of modernism influenced Ibsens choice to focus on an unlikely hero, a housewife, in his attack on middle-class values. Quickly becoming the talk across Europe, the play succeeded in its attempt to provoke discussion. In fact, it is the numerous ways that the play can be read (and read it wasà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½the printed version of A Dolls House sold out even before it hit the stage) that make the play so interesting. Each new generation has had a different way of interpreting the book, from femini st critique to Hegelian allegory of the spirits historical evolution. The text is simply that rich.

Analysis of A Sound of Thunder essays

Analysis of A Sound of Thunder essays The story A Sound of Thunder takes place in 2055 A. D. and then they go back into the past to the Jurassic Period. These people who go are expert hunters and they want to get a big catch so they intend on shooting and killing a Tyrannosaurus Rex. One of the hunters named Mr. Eckels gets scared when they see the dinosaur and went back to the machine, but he didnt stay on the path and when you step off the path you could change the past present and future of the earth. He stepped on a butterfly and killed and as a result of that, the whole spelling and the president of the United States was changed. Ray Bradburys short story A Sound of Thunder is a futuristic tale of a hunting expedition that takes place in the past during the Jurassic Period that resulted in changing the whole world and everything in it. This story was mostly about how in the future technology is going to be so high-tech that we will be able to go back in time and do things. It has more things that need to be worked out like it effecting everything in the world past, present, and future. It also focuses on how we may do one small thing, but that can change and effect many other things like the domino affect. Mr. Eckels is the person who stepped off the path and killed the butterfly. This is the act that changed the entire world when they arrived home. These hunters are going on a safari hunt that the government approved of to kill a T-Rex. The problem with this is that one of the hunters named Mr. Eckels becomes scared and turns back and steps off the path, which is a rule that they are not supposed to break because of the consequences they will face when they arrive home. When they do arrived home, Eckels figures out that the sign for the program that takes you back in time has changed. It was called Time Safari Inc. It is now Tyme Sefari Inc. He has now found out that he stepped on a butterfly and changed the pho...

Sickle Cell Anemia essays

Sickle Cell Anemia essays Sickle-cell anemia also called sickle-cell disease is a hereditary disorder affecting hemoglobin, which is the oxygen carrying substance in red blood cells. This disease ends up decreasing the ability of the hemoglobin to send oxygen throughout the body. The sickle cells begin to clog up the blood vessels which tend to cause inflammation. Sickle-cell anemia relates to me because my cousin Kenny died from this fatal disease. When he died my family greatly changed. In this research, I will explain the causes of Sickle-cell anemia. Sickle-cell anemia is a hereditary disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, causes the cells to take abnormal sickle shapes. This disease usually affects African Americans. This disease will slowly lower the ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen in the body. The sickle cells may block the passageways of small blood vessels which will starve the many tissues they have to give oxygen to. The hemoglobin begins to form polymers that make the red blood cells stiff and fragile. Red blood cells are rounded which allow them to easily pass through the smallest blood vessels. Sickle shaped red blood cells clump easily. It will disrupt the normal flow of the blood. This takes the oxygen away from different tissues and organs. When they begin to sickle, its mostly because they carry an abnormal form of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S. We inherit a gene from each parent. You can either get two normal hemoglobin genes (HbA), one normal hemoglobin gene (HbS), or two abnormal HbS genes. This depends on their parents genes. If a person carries one HbS and one HbA gene, they have the sickle-cell trait or are carriers and may pass it on to their siblings. When a person inherits two abnormal HbS genes from each parent, they have sickle-cell disease and will start to show symptoms. The first crises usually start in the early childhood. Crises are cr...

Recent Trends in Business Communication (Last Five Years) Research Paper

Recent Trends in Business Communication (Last Five Years) - Research Paper Example The major internal functions of business communication are information to management, information to employees, and improvement in morale. The major external functions of business communication are to make relations with the suppliers, sales of goods and services, report to owner-shareholder, report to government, and to create goodwill for the business (Kushal, 2010). Technology is shaping the mode and means of business communication around the world. Offices are adopting new methods of communication that are paperless and the distance between businesses is getting smaller with each new day. Communication in the past was characterized by writing business letters and sending memos. With the advancement in technology, business workforce interacts through teleconferencing, emails and videoconferencing (Kaur, 2010). Technology is advancing at a very fast rate and it is already changing the business communication trends. Innovations happening are geared towards dealing with the complexities of the business communications in the global economy (Scudder, 2010). Among the newest innovations in business communication is the use of electronic tools. Devices and software programs are being developed and at the same time entering the market at a significant rate. However, a lot of capital investment is required to acquire these technologies and assist the workers master them. Productivity is increased by tools such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), wikis and teleconferences. These tools also improve the way the business communicates with the customers. Use of these electronic tools may be cumbersome for the business professionals, thus, their effective use requires training, time and capital (Business-Telephone-System.org, 2010). In business communication, there are recent technological advancements that have shaped the way businesses communicate around the world. The most dominant form is the use of email and more recently the use of teleconferencing and

Reflection Using Gibbs Cycle - Development of Your Academic Learning Essay

Reflection Using Gibbs Cycle - Development of Your Academic Learning Skills and Experience in Practice During 3rd Year - Essay Example Throughout the session, I did various presentations using PowerPoint to horn my visual skills. Ethical issues were also part of communication that I learned. Numeracy was part of module seven and the activities entailed gathering and recording data, understanding research data, drug calculation, and general mathematics. The activities involved in developing IT skills in module seven were word processing, blackboard discussion, searching Databases, Emailing, and the use of the internet. Additionally, throughout the model, I developed learning skills by engaging in activities like literature search, use of literature and research, summarizing information, time management, self-evaluation, and working to deadlines. The model also helped me to know ways of working with others. I now comprehend the role of multi-disciplinary team and negotiating in teams. Feelings At first, it could not see the significance of skills in nursing. However, after meeting severally with my personal tutor, I a cknowledged the importance of skills in supporting my transition into the role of a staff nurse. Evaluation Achievement in developing communication was evident through passing the test, but I failed my oral exam due to anxiety and panic. I also did not do well in exam techniques and I will improve by meeting in groups to share knowledge and read individually for six hours. In the first attempt, I failed drug calculation but I improved by doing weekly practice. This was achieved at a 100 percent on my second attempt. To advance critical thinking skillfulness, I read more books and attended tutorial. I achieved 54 percent in research and 50 percent in the dissertation and this was a good achievement in the critical appraisal skills. How the development will supports my transition into the role of nursing (Analysis) Communication The good communication skills that I developed during the module will help me when shifting from a student to a staff nurse. The written communication profici ency will help me in my career as a nurse because I will need to write clear instructions for the patient to understand. Through the development of the communication skills, I will efficiently communicate verbally in formal and informal way. This will helps me as a staff nurse when making presentations in formal meetings and in my peer work groups. Listening skills will be an important attribute, which will help me as a nurse to assist in getting patients to value me. This is because listening will be a way of showing my interests in what the patients will say. Listening skills is always associated with humility rather than talkativeness. It can be empathetic and therefore therapeutic (Debnath, 2009, p152). Numeracy Numeracy skills will also help me in my nursing profession. The drug calculation skills that I acquired in module seven will increase my competency. Through that skill, I will not make dose errors. It is essential for nurses to be able to make accurate calculations of me dicine doses and to be fully conversant with the component of drugs in current use. Nurses should have an understanding of formulae for complex calculations. This enables them to direct the correct quantity and volume of the drugs. Incorrect drug computations can cause mistakes in prescription and harm patients. Drug computation skillfulness will therefore enable me to give right ratios, percentages, fractions and be able to interpret information found in clinical

Case studies x 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case studies x 2 - Essay Example The team leader should not waste much time once he realized the diversity of his team vis-Ã  -vis the group task and must make efforts to reinforce the idea of collective achievement and mutual respect. The most important task is to motivate the unmotivated and who better to do this than the thinkers? They should be used to interact with the former subgroup to listen to their views, and check if there are any systemic defects or issues that need to be resolved. These interactions give the tutees opportunities to ask questions and for the tutors to be surprised by the elements of human attitude that govern group functioning and motivation. This two-way learning process helps the group cohesion and builds a sense of belonging. In a similar manner, the team leader has to publicly acknowledge the creativity and the hard work of individuals, and explain the gains that everyone in the team would enjoy as a result of the team effort, monetary or otherwise. The role of a CEO is judged by the touchstone of a healthy growth of his organization and keeping the stakeholders happy. In order to realize his objectives, he creates his teams and treats each individual on the merits of his/her contribution to the organization in achieving the short/medium/long term goals. One of the important aspects of performance is team spirit that overcomes short term individual grouses. Comparison and discontent are universal in organizations. They are to be handled in such a way that the solution neither creates more discontent nor demoralizes. In the present case, Jim has an impeccable track record of performance. His ability to develop contacts and build networks is of considerable value to the company and at the same time, points to the respect he commands in the market. He is thus a key resource that directly generates revenues for the

Profiling Human Hair with FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Profiling Human Hair with FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics ABSTRACT Profiling of Human Hairs using FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Technique Aufa Madihah Binti Mohamad Anwar 1122204 Hair is any of the fine threadlike strands growing from the skin of humans can be found in crime scene due to interaction between victim, perpetrator and/or witness as explained in Locard’s Principle. This papers aim is to compare, categorize and identify human hair fiber using FTIR spectrometer and Chemometrics techniques. Hair samples will be collected from 200 subjects (Malay Women) of different ages groups. 50 samples will be collected from age group of people (20-30, 31-40, 41-50, >60). FTIR spectra will be obtained from each samples. The spectra of FTIR reflect the chemical and physical nature of a hair which can be classified in different group using Chemometrics techniques such as PCA (Principal Component Analysis). Keyword: FTIR, Chemometrics, Locard’s Principle, PCA Research Methodology 6.1 Materials Material uses in this experiment will be human hair. 50 strands will be collected for each group of age and the total hair strand obtained will be 200 strands: 6.2 Methods 6.2.1 Human Hair sample collection Human hair will be collected according to their age group (50 strands from each group of age). The hair fibers taken will be from telogen (fall naturally) phase and anagen (the root was cut) phase of the hair growth cycle. The hair fibers will be placed in a plastic bag and labeled accordingly. 6.3 Analysis 6.3.1 Revised IAEA Method for Cleaning Hair Fibers The cleaning process is needed to preserved hair samples for the elemental analysis. (Cargnello et al., 1995) The hair fibers will undergo ultrasonic vibration (sonicating) in each solutions for 10 minutes or less. This procedure will be done to minimize the damage of the cuticle surface. First, the hair fibers will be transferred to a small glass vial and will be covered with high purity acetone. The vial was then will be placed in Ultrasonic Disintegrator (Figure 6). The hair fibers will be sonicate of at 20 kHz for 10 minutes at the least. The acetone will be poured out and the hair will be rinsed with HPLC-grade water. These steps will be repeated again and for the last steps, the hair fibers will be rinsed and sonicated in de-ionized water inside the glass vial for 10 minutes. After all the cleaning process ended, the hair fiber will be dried under vacuum for two days before being analyzed. Figure 6 : Ultrasonic Disintegrator – Sonicater for the hair fibers 6.3.2 FTIR Spectroscopy A FTIR Spectrometer with Diamond ATR Smart Accessory (Figure 7) will be used in this procedure. The spectra of hair fibers will be recorded using the spectrometer. Figure 7: FTIR Spectrometer with Diamond Smart Accessory The parameters of FTIR-ATR for the analysis (Table 2): Before analyzing and collecting the spectrum from the hair samples, a background spectrum will be recorded. The hair fibers will then going through spectral sampling process : The fibers will be placed across the diamond crystal and will be pressed (to obtain a good contact) using the pressure tower. Spectrum will be recorded. The collected data will be saved on the Spectral Software Program (as .SPC files). Spectral Processing The recorded spectral will be saved as .SPC files and are imported into the spectral software package for spectral processing as .SPA files. First of all, the baseline of the spectra will be corrected and the offset will be set to zero. Then, the spectra will be trimmed so that it will be in the range of ÃŽ ±-keratin absorption bands which is 1759-785 cm-1 range (major characteristic of ÃŽ ±-keratin). The trimmed spectral will then be transferred to an Excel spreadsheet and saved as an .XLS file. Raw Data Matrix and Chemometric Analysis Pre-processing of data is defined as â€Å"mathematical manipulation of a data is used due to primary analysis†. (Arnberg R. et al., 1998).This step helps in eliminating or decreasing unrelated sources (systematic or random errors). Variance Scaling Scaling steps will be done prior to the fact that the treatment considers both the measurement unit of the values and the origin of scale. (Meloun M. et al., 1992) Scaling is needed to include: Cartesian system’s shift of the origin, Axes’ contraction or expansion. Double Centring Double string will be obtained by subtracting the mean of each row x (x-mean centring) and row y (y-mean centring). This procedure reduces the effect of the variance component reflected by PCI of the un-pretreated data set and removes common spectral features. (Kokot S. et al., 1997) Equation 1 and Equation 2 (Meloun M. et al., 1992) described the process above: Yim = xim – x.mEquation 1 Continued by; zim = yim yi Equation 2 Where; yim = column centred datum xim = datum in row I and column m before centring x.m = mean of column m = xim / I zim = double centred datum Standardization The standardization procedure is included to equalize the variance of each variable and to remove the weighting that is artificially imposed by the scale of the variables. (Arnberg R. et al., 1998) Standardization process can be described in the equation 3 and 4 below: yim = xim / sm Equation 3 Where; sm = (xim – x.m)2  ½ Equation 4 I – 1 = the estimate of the standard deviation of the variable, xm, about its mean. Albano et al. state that â€Å"standardization of each subset separately gives better resolution in latent variable modeling of subsets†. (Albano et al., 1981) Auto-scaling Combination of column centring and standardization is known auto-scaling. It can be represented by Equation 5 (Meloun M. et al., 1992): zim = (yim – yi) / sm Equation 5 Chemometric Analysis The doubled centred matrices will be imported into the software that cans multivariate analysis and experimental design. The processed matrices will produce the resultant PCA scores plots, loading plots and fuzzy clustering tables. Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) The multivariate analysis method (PROMETHEE and GAIA) will find the relationships between the objects and variables severally. The matrix data will then undergoes packaging for decision making. Chemometrics Chemometrics helps in analysis of spectral data by solving the calibration problem. It uses statistical and mathematical methods to correlate quality parameters to analytical instrument data. The data will be observed and recorded. Then, patterns in data will be brought out and modeled. The modeled patterns will be used for data analysis in future. (Einax J.W. et al., 1997) 6.3.5.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) PCA is a well-known pattern recognition method for pertaining to any procedure involving multivariate (two or more variables) data analysis problems. Identification and discrimination of the objects can be obtained with the help of PCA whereby it is a data reduction technique. Data reduction technique is when the information is sorted into a data matrix using selected variables that define the columns and rows which was designated with sample measurements. PCjk = aj1xk1 + aj2xk2 + †¦ ajnxkn Equation 6 Where; PCjk = value for object k and principal component j aj1 = variable 1 on object k value xk1 = variable 1 on component j measurement n = original variables total number 6.3.5.2 SIMCA (Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy) Classification is defines as the process of categorizing something according to same qualities or characteristics. SIMCA is supervised method for classification of data. The method requires a training (test) data set consisting of samples where their origins are known. PCA is used to develop a model of each class within the test set. The users will select the members of a set. A model can be representing by the equation (Chatfield C., 1980): Xki = Xi + + ajiujk + eki Equation 7 Where; p = number of the principal components in the class model eki = residual value of object k on variable i Gant Chart for Research Timeline Expected Results The research regarding human scalp hair resulted in new database on human hair according to their age group for woman, Malay. With the help of chemometrics method the human hair database can be created. The data obtained from Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy which was then analyze and modeled through chemometrics and the new database is set. In the database, the human hair was classified according to their age group and the composition that differs the age. Through the research, it shows that in human hair the amount of amino acid (protein) differs. As the age increase, the amounts of amino acid (protein) decrease and as the age lower the amino acid (protein) higher. 9.0 Conclusion This study is proposed to help creating a new database besides furthering investigation on human hair as physical evidence. Theory of physical evidence can be quoted from Locard’s Principal which stated that â€Å"every contact leaves a trace. Physical evidence cannot be faulty; it can’t perjure itself, and it always present. Only human failure to study, explore and understand it can diminish its worth†. Furthermore, fibers evidence is often found at the crime scene. Thus, in creating this new database it can aids in forensic process. The human hair samples that was obtained from different age group (20-30, 31-40, 41-50, >60) but same gender and race undergoes FTIR spectroscopy to detect the amount of amino acid (protein). The data was then was analyze using chemometrics. In short, it can be concluded that the amount of amino acid (protein) is inversely proportional to the age group.

Hamlet - Ophelias Identity Essay -- Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet - Ophelia's Identity There are volumes of critical analyses devoted to William Shakespeare's Hamlet. As the title indicates, Hamlet is the main character of the play, but there are other characters who are also important to the plot. So much attention has been given to Hamlet's antics that characters such as Ophelia remain relatively unexamined. Ophelia is a key figure in the play, and to understand her reactions to the patriarchal society in which she lives through her relationships with the men in her life adds more depth to the play. Ophelia's character is revealed through her relationships with her father, Polonius, her brother, Laertes, and her lover, Hamlet, and their characters in turn are revealed through their relationships to her. The first opportunity to gain insight into tOphelia's behavior comes early in the play when her brother, Laertes, advises her to steer clear of Hamlet. He tells her that even though her body is grown her mind and emotions are not yet mature. Ophelia replies, "I shall the effect of this good lesson keep, / As watchman to my heart" but she later proves that she does not intend to follow Laertes' advice because she is still willing to be with Hamlet (1.3.47-48). In fact it is Hamlet's rejection of her that keeps her from him, not Laertes' advice. She further states, "Do not, as some ungracious pastors do, / Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven, / Whilst, like a puffed and reckless libertine, / Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads / And recks not his own rede" (1.3.49-53). Ophelia means that her brother should hold himself to the same standards he imposes on her. She also equates sexual abstinence with "the steep and thorny way" and sexual participation with... ...ed her manner of behavior. Along these same lines Hamlet has been responsible for her feelings. If he loves her, she is happy, and if he loves her not, she is not. It is through these relationships that she knows how to live, and in the absence of this knowledge and direction she commits suicide. Works Cited Berman, Allison. "We Only Find Ourselves." Hamlet reaction papers. Wynnewood: FCS, 2000. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. 1600? Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Signet Classic, 1998. Showalter, Elaine. "Representing Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism." Hamlet. Ed. Susanne L. Wofford. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1994. 220-238. Wofford, Susanne L., ed. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism, William Shakespeare: The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1994. Hamlet - Ophelia's Identity Essay -- Shakespeare Hamlet Essays Hamlet - Ophelia's Identity There are volumes of critical analyses devoted to William Shakespeare's Hamlet. As the title indicates, Hamlet is the main character of the play, but there are other characters who are also important to the plot. So much attention has been given to Hamlet's antics that characters such as Ophelia remain relatively unexamined. Ophelia is a key figure in the play, and to understand her reactions to the patriarchal society in which she lives through her relationships with the men in her life adds more depth to the play. Ophelia's character is revealed through her relationships with her father, Polonius, her brother, Laertes, and her lover, Hamlet, and their characters in turn are revealed through their relationships to her. The first opportunity to gain insight into tOphelia's behavior comes early in the play when her brother, Laertes, advises her to steer clear of Hamlet. He tells her that even though her body is grown her mind and emotions are not yet mature. Ophelia replies, "I shall the effect of this good lesson keep, / As watchman to my heart" but she later proves that she does not intend to follow Laertes' advice because she is still willing to be with Hamlet (1.3.47-48). In fact it is Hamlet's rejection of her that keeps her from him, not Laertes' advice. She further states, "Do not, as some ungracious pastors do, / Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven, / Whilst, like a puffed and reckless libertine, / Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads / And recks not his own rede" (1.3.49-53). Ophelia means that her brother should hold himself to the same standards he imposes on her. She also equates sexual abstinence with "the steep and thorny way" and sexual participation with... ...ed her manner of behavior. Along these same lines Hamlet has been responsible for her feelings. If he loves her, she is happy, and if he loves her not, she is not. It is through these relationships that she knows how to live, and in the absence of this knowledge and direction she commits suicide. Works Cited Berman, Allison. "We Only Find Ourselves." Hamlet reaction papers. Wynnewood: FCS, 2000. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. 1600? Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Signet Classic, 1998. Showalter, Elaine. "Representing Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism." Hamlet. Ed. Susanne L. Wofford. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1994. 220-238. Wofford, Susanne L., ed. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism, William Shakespeare: The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1994.